雅思词汇学（5）

——健康保健主题

健康保健是一个非常实用并且具有极大的生活意义的主题，当我们学习这类词汇时，建议一般学习者或考生的战略性目标是：能够描述与表达人们关心的各类健康问题、对其发表意见以及撰写健康心得与体验类的英文日记。

当我打开谷歌和百度搜索“健康保健”，首先映入眼帘的是39健康，搜狐健康和新浪健康频道，我整合了一下，重复率较大的词汇包括以下这些，而它们也是雅思健康保健主题的关键词:

名词部分：

营养 【nutrition】，体质【physique/constitution】，体质健康【physical fitness】，身材体形【build】，疲劳【fatigue】，困扰【disturbance】，污染【pollution】，黄雀斑【yellow flecks/freckles】，保健品【healthcare supplements】，剧毒【an extremely potent toxin】，疾病信号【a signal of illness】，功效【efficacy/effect】，病因【indication】，注意事项【the do’s and don’ts】，眼镜度数【the strength of glasses / the strength of lenses / dioptre value of the glasses】，健康生活方式【healthy living style】，颈腰椎，关节炎【arthritis】，拔罐【cupping therapy】，保健功能【health effects】，纠结【perplexion】，蚊虫叮咬【mosquito or insect bite】，运动过度【over-exercises】，心脏病 【heart disease / heart attack / heart stroke】，深度睡眠【deep sleep】，氨基酸【amino acid】

动词部分：忽视【to ignore】，增加【to increase】，损害【to damage】，消除【to remove / to wipe off】，缓解【relieve】，依赖【rely on】，变粗【to coarsen / to thicken】，变胖【to become overweight】，避免【avoid】，致癌【to get cancer/ to drive this cancer】，有助增寿【be helpful to add to lifetime】，传染疾病，警惕，盘点，养护，保养【take good care of one’s health】，治疗【to receive treatment】，治愈【to cure】，鲜血【blood】，揉肚子【to knead / rub one’s stomach / belly】，打哈欠【to yawn】，整容【to have / do cosmetic surgery】，研究表明【Research shows…】，许多家长不知道 【would not know…】当孩子摔倒并撞伤了头【to fall and bang their head】，因玩着小玩具而造成突然窒息【to choke on a small toy】，或不小心碰到热熨斗而烫伤时 【to scald themselves on a hot iron】该如何处理。委托该项研究的英国红十字组织【The British Red Cross organization】对该调查结果感到吃惊 【be so alarmed by the findings that…】，于是它制作了一个经济小巧的【a cheap and easy】家长培训网络课程 【computer-based training programme for parents】，称之为“急救速成班”【“learn first aid fast”】。来自该慈善组织的急救护理专家说，学习基本的救护与康复技术 【basic rescue and recovery techniques】可能是每一位家长最应该做的。每年约有1百万15岁以下的孩子们因为家中事故 【after accidents in the home】 被送到 【be admitted to+ a hospital or a university】事故急救中心。

Many parents would not know what to do if their child fell and banged their head, choked on a small toy or scalded themselves on a hot iron, research shows.

The British Red Cross organization, which commissioned the survey, is so alarmed by the findings that it has created a cheap and easy computer-based training programme for parents called “learn first aid fast”.

The charity’s first aid specialist said that learning basic rescue and recovery techniques could be the most important thing any parent did. About one million children under fifteen are admitted to accident and emergency units every year after accidents in the home.

意外事故是12个月以上的孩子死亡的主要原因 【the main reason for deaths in children aged more than twelve months】，每年占400起死亡事故左右【nearly 400 fatalities a year】。摔倒【falls】是最常见的事故，占43% 的家中儿童意外伤【accidental injury】。烧伤【burns】也是，每天约有十例五岁以下的孩子被烧伤或者烫伤【getting burnt or scalded every day】的事件。

Accidents are the main reason for deaths in children aged more than twelve months, accounting for nearly 400 fatalities a year. Falls are the most common accidents, accounting for forty-three per cent of accidental injury to children at home. Burns are common, too, with ten children under five getting burnt or scalded every day.

“有些人似乎对备有急救箱感到放心【appear to be reassured by owning a first aid kit】，可是如果他们要去救人，那么他们必须有急救知识、技术以及可用设备，”一位急救护理专家说。红十字组织的调查结果揭露出许多家长惊人的无知度 【The results of the Red Cross Organization survey revealed alarming level of ignorance】，因为面对紧急情况时，他们依靠的仅仅是道听途说而不是用实际知识或者常识去解决问题【…with many parents relying more on stories than on knowledge or common sense when faced with an emergency】。

。

“Some people appear to be reassured by owning a first aid kit, but if they are going to help someone then they must have first aid knowledge and skills as well as equipment,” a first aid specialist said. The results of the Red Cross Organization survey revealed alarming level of ignorance, with many parents relying more on stories than on knowledge or common sense when faced with an emergency.

Exercises:

A cuff a jab a stethoscope a syringe a thermometer an inhaler

Cuff: manacles or handcuffs 量血压工具

An instrument that a doctor uses to listen to your heart and breathing

A small device that helps you to breathe more easily if you have asthma or a bad cold. You out it in your mouth and breathe in deeply, and it sends a small amount of a drug into your lungs.

A small tube with a thin hollow needle at the end, used for injecting drugs or for taking blood from someone’s body.

An instrument for measuring temperature.

An injection of something into your blood to prevent illness

A device used for measuring blood pressure

Choke

To hit with a lot of force

To be unable to breathe because something is blocking the air passage to your lung

To have health problems

Commission

To order or authorize the production of something

To like something

To make a decision based on facts

Unit

A department

A large number of something

A medical test

当我们学习一个常见的学术词汇时，一个好的策略是把与其关联的各种词性都一并查出来进行完整学习。如commission, recovery, equipment, survey, ignorance, aid.

The 1940s saw the development of legislation that reflected an agreement across the main political parties that the state should take an increased responsibility for the funding and provision of welfare services. The specific measures taken were based on the proposals of Sir William Beveridge Report. Beveridge based his recommendations on his concern to defeat five “giant evils” that, despite earlier measures, were still hindering social and economic progress in Britain. These were:

Want (poverty)

Disease (ill health and high mortality rates)

Ignorance (inadequate education)

Squalor (poor housing and homeless)

Idleness (unemployment)

The existence of poverty in Britain was the underlying reason for commissioning the report, but legislation was passed and services introduced that addressed each of the “five giants”.

2. Scan the passage below about vulnerable people in society (i.e. those people who are in more danger of being harmed, physically or emotionally, than others.) Then complete the table with notes.

In all society there are groups of people who are potentially vulnerable. These include children, older people, people with disabilities, and the poor, for example. Whether they are supported and how they are supported, however, varies from society to society and at different times in history.

In some societies, the care of vulnerable is seen as the responsibility of the family or the village. In others, it is principally the responsibility of the state, through community provision. In Israeli kibbutzim, for example, the care of children is seen as the responsibility of the whole community, and not principally the prime concern of the birth parents. In other societies the care of children is the prime responsibility of the parents, and in some it is the responsibility of the extended family. Attitudes to the vulnerable vary. Those on benefits may be seen as “lazy scroungers”, or their situation may be seen as the result of poor parenting or the inevitable consequence of economic changes. The response to their need may vary according to the dominant attitude in the society, the views and priorities of government, the wealth of the nation, and how that wealth is distributed and managed.

In England, the state has had some involvement in providing for the poor since Elisabethan times. The 1601 Poor Law allowed officials to collect money from each household in their parish and to distribute it to the needy. However, it was thought that the poor only had themselves to blame. The political approach at the time was informed by a view that the government should not interfere in the workings of the economy or in the provision of welfare services. The church and other voluntary groups provided charitable support, but the state “left well alone”. Not until the opening years of the twentieth century did the state begin to take a proactive role in the care and welfare of its citizens.

完成句子、图表或者图片型题目考查学习者搜索并且理解详细和细节的信息的能力。